Economics

I recently attended a talk at Manifest by Chad Jones on the economic effects of AI. Much of it was sensible. Unlike many economists, he gives careful consideration to AI becoming pretty powerful soon. But his main scenarios predict much slower growth than I expect.

His paper Past Automation and Future A.I.: How Weak Links Tame the Growth Explosion clarifies the parts of his talk that puzzled me. This post explores where our assumptions differ.

The fastest scenario that he considers (figure 6 – The Future if AI = ‘Moore’s Law Everywhere’) has economic growth rising to 13% by 2040. Whereas I expect at least 30% growth by then, due to automation happening earlier than he’s willing to imagine.

The key areas where I disagree with him are beliefs about the extent to which growth will be constrained by weak links, which likely stems from differing beliefs about how general-purpose AI will be.

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I’ve analyzed the near-term economic effects of an AI pause, out of concern for my investments, and a desire to predict how strong political opposition to a pause is likely to be.

My median estimates: The S&P 500 will drop 27.8%. AI subsectors will drop 34-69%. Interest rates will rise at a much slower rate than would be the case without a pause.

The specific numbers depend on some fairly arbitrary assumptions. So please read this post in order to get a feel for how the results depend on the assumptions. I’ve tried to keep the assumptions reasonable, but some of them will prove to be wrong. My most controversial assumptions reflect an expectation that both markets and voters will be surprised at how powerful AI is, mainly in 2027.

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The tone of AI stock behavior has changed in important ways this spring.

Until March, they were clearly undervalued, and were quietly and somewhat patiently being accumulated by the minority of investors who realized the significance of AI. Recent buying has been less patient, occasionally mildly panicky, and indicates that awareness of AI is steadily spreading toward mainstream investors.

In a normal year, closing the Strait of Hormuz would impact the stock market much more than any other problem. But for the past few weeks AI has clearly been having a bigger impact on the market. Almost big enough for markets to forget about Hormuz. It’s weird that rising oil prices haven’t much hurt non-AI stocks.

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I participated, as a superforecaster, in the Forecasting Research Institute (FRI) Forecasting the Economic Effects of AI survey. They’ve published their results in this 224 page paper.

My prior experience in the Existential Risk Persuasion Tournament led me to expect that the average participant would predict less AI impact than I predicted, but I was still shocked by the extent of the disagreement.

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I’m analyzing what happens to the US economy in the short-term aftermath of the typical job being replaced by AIs and robots. Will there be a financial crisis? Short answer: yes.

This is partly inspired by my dissatisfaction with Tomas Pueyo’s analysis in If I Were King, How Would I Prepare for AI?.

Let’s say 50% of workers lose their jobs at the same time (around 2030), and they’re expected to be permanently unemployed. (I know this isn’t fully realistic. I’m starting with simple models and will add more realism later.)

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This post is a response to Tyler Cowen’s A household expenditure approach to measuring AI progress, discussing how AI will affect productivity over the next 5 years (i.e. until the summer of 2030) via the effects on typical household expenses.

I mostly predict that the effects will be larger than Tyler expects, but the 5 year time period that he chose is short enough that the effects won’t be obvious until near then end of that period.

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I’ve been shifting my investments to more AI-focused bets.

Here’s an overview of my larger positions, in descending order of how eager I am to recommend further purchases now:

  • MU – AI is memory hungry, and MU is in a good position for almost NVDA-like growth
  • CSIQ – solar, for AI-related power demand
  • ASML – semiconductor equipment
  • SCIA – semiconductor equipment
  • GOOGL – for TPUs, DeepMind, and Waymo
  • SMCI – datacenter
  • NVDA
  • AMPX (and AMPX.WS) – batteries suitable for drones
  • TSSI – datacenter
  • CLS – close to half of its business involves datacenters
  • PDEX – a fairly safe way to diversify my portfolio
  • MTG – a fairly safe way to diversify my portfolio
  • ASTS – expanding cell phone coverage; I’ll likely sell when I can get long-term gains

Short positions:

  • SP500 futures – hedging against risks such as tariffs
  • SOFR futures dated 2029 through 2032 – betting that interest rates will rise due to AI
  • WMT – it’s got a high PE ratio, and little sign of growth

[This is not at all a complete list, as I have smaller positions in something like 150 other companies.]

AI stocks are likely to form a bubble someday, but I’m guessing the peak of that bubble is more than a year away.

I still have some concerns about tariff-related damage causing some declines sometime this year. I’m optimistic that the courts will strike down the per-country tariffs this fall. It shouldn’t take long for the country to recover from the tariff damage once the tariffs have been removed.

Beware that even in a strong bull market, there will be periodic scares, such as January’s DeepSeek-trigger panic, that cause sharp drops in leading stocks. AI-related stocks had a big rally in June, and are likely to consolidate for a while before the next such rally.

This post is a response to a claim by Scott Sumner in his conversation at LessOnline with Nate Soares, about how ethical we should expect AI’s to be.

Sumner sees a pattern of increasing intelligence causing agents to be increasingly ethical, and sounds cautiously optimistic that such a trend will continue when AIs become smarter than humans. I’m guessing that he’s mainly extrapolating from human trends, but extrapolating from trends in the animal kingdom should produce similar results (e.g. the cooperation between single-celled organisms that gave the world multicellular organisms).

I doubt that my response is very novel, but I haven’t seen clear enough articulation of the ideas in this post.

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